Our Comprehensive Law Practice Areas in India

Legal Expertise

1. Constitutional Law

Constitutional law is the basic structure of the Indian legal system. It defines the framework of government, distributes powers between the Union and the States, and provides for the protection of citizens' fundamental rights. This area plays a crucial role in ensuring democratic values, ensuring accountability among the three branches of the government—legislature, executive, and judiciary—and upholding the rule of law. Constitutional law deals with intricate legal doctrines such as federalism, secularism, and equality, and offers tools such as judicial review, by which the courts can scrutinize the constitutional validity of legislative and executive acts.

Landmark Judgment: Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973) – A landmark judgment in which the Supreme Court ruled that although Parliament enjoys extensive powers to amend the Constitution, it cannot meddle with its "basic structure." This concept has since then become the cornerstone of constitutional law and judicial oversight in India.
Nyaya Astra's Role:
Nyaya Astra provides unmatched proficiency in constitutional litigation. We petition and plead writ cases, deal with Public Interest Litigations (PILs), and represent litigants in cases of constitutional interpretation, federalism, and questions over the constitutionality of legislative or executive action. Our lawyers are adept at articulating knotty legal questions and obtaining effective judgments that consolidate democracy and individual freedoms.

2. Criminal Law
Criminal law addresses crimes that are considered to be against the state and society. It maintains law and order by penalizing and deterring criminals, and granting justice to victims. Enacted through the Indian Penal Code (IPC), Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), and special legislation like the POCSO Act, NDPS Act, and UAPA, criminal law is dynamic and expansive. It covers a variety of crimes such as theft, rape, murder, fraud, and cybercrime. The law provides investigative procedures, prosecutorial responsibilities, the accused's rights, and trial procedures.
Landmark Case: State of U.P. v. Rajesh Gautam (2003) – The Supreme Court highlighted the pivot around which a just trial revolves and reaffirmed that the burden of proof lies on the prosecution. The case reinforced the principle that an accused individual is presumed innocent until proved guilty beyond reasonable doubt.
Nyaya Astra's Function: Nyaya Astra offers aggressive defense representation, deals in criminal trials, appeals, bail petitions, and quashing petitions. We also engage in reformative justice projects such as PILs focusing on identifying systemic issues like custodial violence, abuse of law, and undertrial prisoners' rights. Our lawyers have successfully defended clients in high-profile cases before trial courts, High Courts, and the Supreme Court.

3. Civil Law
Civil law regulates conflicts among private persons or entities, including regulating property, contract, tort, inheritance, and consumer rights disputes. Remedies frequently sought under civil law are money damages, specific performance, injunctions, and declaratory judgments.
Civil litigation includes a broad array of situations—from tenant-landlord conflicts to complicated commercial disputes—and is vital in facilitating peaceful settlement and enforceable contracts.
Landmark Case: Indian Medical Association v. V.P. Shantha (1995) – A milestone judgment that extended medical services to the purview of the Consumer Protection Act, allowing for patients' right to sue for medical negligence. This widened the horizon of civil law and promoted accountability in the healthcare industry.
Nyaya Astra's Role: We handle high-value civil disputes, providing full-service legal services from filing to appeal. Our lawyers prepare pleadings, represent clients before trial and appellate courts, and counsel on alternative forms of dispute resolution such as mediation and arbitration. We also accept high-profile civil cases in the Supreme Court on matters of property, tort, and breach of contract.

4. Family Law
Family law deals with the legal matters pertaining to marriage, divorce, alimony, guardianship, adoption, custody of children, inheritance, and succession. This field is especially sensitive because it is private in nature and involves the relationship between family members. India's pluralist legal system implies that family law differs according to religion, but secular enactments such as the Special Marriage Act and Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act give uniform remedies in some respects.
Landmark Case: Shayara Bano v. Union of India (2017) – The Supreme Court held instant triple talaq unconstitutional, a landmark in the battle for gender justice and a boost for women's rights in personal laws.
Nyaya Astra's Role: Our client-centered family law practice is empathetic and client-oriented. We deal with delicate matters relating to matrimonial disputes, child custody wars, alimony, adoption, and succession planning. We also litigate in case of constitutional challenges to discriminatory personal laws and appear for clients in the Supreme Court in trend-setting family law cases.

5. Corporate Law
Corporate law regulates the form, governance, and operation of companies. It sets rules for everything from the formation of companies to mergers, acquisitions, corporate finance, insolvency, and compliance. Some of the important legislations are the Companies Act, 2013, Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), and the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) rules. Corporate law promotes transparency, accountability, and equitable competition in the business world.
Landmark Case: Satyam Scam (2009) – India's largest corporate fraud case exposed severe corporate governance failures. The case initiated substantial changes in auditing standards, regulatory supervision, and compliance regulations, reinforcing corporate law in India.
Nyaya Astra's Role: We counsel businesses of varying scales on legal structuring, M&A, regulatory matters, due diligence, and litigation. Our lawyers make frequent appearances in the NCLT, NCLAT, and Supreme Court. We also offer strategic legal counsel on cross-border transactions and corporate restructuring.

6. Labour and Employment Law
Labour and employment law regulates the employer-employee relationship. It enforces workers' rights to fair compensation, safe working environments, social security, and protection from unjustified termination. Some of the main legislations are Industrial Disputes Act, Minimum Wages Act, Factories Act, and the new labour codes established in recent times. This area of law reconciles business needs with workers' welfare.
Landmark Judgment: Bandhua Mukti Morcha v. Union of India (1984) – The Supreme Court adjudicated the matter of bonded labour and ruled that the right to live with dignity is a component of Article 21 of the Constitution. The judgment gave primacy to state responsibility in providing humane conditions of work.
Role of Nyaya Astra: We act for employees and employers in cases of wrongful dismissal, recovery of wages, industrial disputes, and adherence to labour laws. We provide strategic guidance to companies on compliance with regulations and act for trade unions and workers in PILs relating to labour rights in the Supreme Court.

7. Cyber Law and Information Technology
Cyber law regulates matters pertaining to the internet, cyber communication, data protection, cybersecurity, and electronic commerce. The important laws are the Information Technology Act, 2000, and rules related to them. This fast-changing branch deals with cyber crimes such as hacking, impersonation, cyber fraud, and cyber harassment, along with regulating cyber contracts, data privacy, and intermediary liability.
Landmark Case: Shreya Singhal v. Union of India (2015) – The Supreme Court invalidated Section 66A of the IT Act as being vague and unconstitutional, upholding the freedom of speech on the internet.
Nyaya Astra's Role: We deal with cybercrime litigation, counsel technology businesses regarding compliance with IT and data protection legislation and represent clients in internet defamation, fraud, and data breach cases. We have argued cases before High Courts and the Supreme Court on intermediary liability, content take-downs, and digital freedom of expression.

8. Environmental Law
Environmental law attempts to control activities impacting the natural environment to ensure sustainable development and ecological harmony. The Environment Protection Act, Water Act, and Forest Conservation Act constitute the legal foundation of environmental law. Environmental jurisprudence has been enormously influenced by the Supreme Court through PILs for clean air, water, and conservation of forests and wildlife.
Landmark Case: M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (series of cases) – A series of cases where the Supreme Court enunciated the "polluter pays" principle, absolute liability of dangerous industries, and the right to a healthy environment under Article 21.
Nyaya Astra's Role: We initiate PILs and act on behalf of stakeholders in high-profile environment cases, such as those relating to illegal mining, diversion of forests, industrial pollution, and climate action. We work with NGOs, local communities, and policy analysts to advocate to the Supreme Court and drive systemic environmental changes.

9. Taxation Law
The law of taxation regulates the levy, collection, and enforcement of taxation in India. It comprises direct taxation such as income tax and indirect taxation such as GST. Cross-border taxation, tax evasion, and interpretation of fiscal enactments are also areas covered by the field. As there are constant amendments and changing interpretations, tax law demands diligent legal acumen.
Landmark Case: Vodafone International Holdings v. Union of India (2012) – The Supreme Court ruled that indirect transfer of Indian assets by foreign firms is not taxable under current Indian law, a ruling that had an effect on foreign investment and tax structuring.
Nyaya Astra’s Role: We represent individuals and corporations in income tax, GST, customs, and international taxation matters. Our team handles litigation before tax tribunals, High Courts, and the Supreme Court, and offers strategic advisory on tax structuring, compliance, and dispute resolution.

10. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) Law
IPR law safeguards intellectual creations—like inventions, works of literature, artistic works, and brands. It comprises patents, copyrights, trademarks, and geographical indications. The legislation promotes innovation and creativity by giving creators exclusive rights while offsetting public interest.
Landmark Case: Yahoo Inc. v. Akash Arora (1999) – A landmark judgment of domain name and trademark infringement in which the Delhi High Court adjudicated that misleading similarity between domain names can cause confusion among users, laying down principles of cybersquatting law in India.
Nyaya Astra's Role: We help clients register, enforce, and litigate IP. Our IP attorneys deal with infringement actions, negotiation of licenses, and portfolio management. We also appear on behalf of clients in the Intellectual Property Appellate Board and the Supreme Court for important IPR matters.

11. Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) processes have been put in place to settle disputes away from conventional court procedures. ADR encompasses arbitration, mediation, negotiation, and conciliation, providing quicker, cheaper, and less confrontational alternatives. The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 regulates ADR in India, being in concordance with international best practices such as the UNCITRAL Model Law.
Landmark Case: Bharat Aluminium Co. v. Kaiser Aluminium Technical Services Inc. (2012) – The case explained the doctrine that Indian courts only have restricted jurisdiction in international commercial arbitrations held overseas, thus enhancing the sovereignty of arbitration.
Role of Nyaya Astra: We focus on representing clients in international and domestic arbitrations and mediations. We have trained arbitrators and mediators who deal with high-value commercial cases. We challenge or defend arbitral awards in High Courts and the Supreme Court.

12. Banking and Finance Law

Banking and finance law regulates lending, securities, financial instruments, and financial institution regulation. The most important legislations in this area are the Banking Regulation Act, RBI Act, SARFAESI Act, and the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC). It is all about regulatory compliance, recovery proceedings, and financial restructuring.
Landmark Judgment: Swiss Ribbons Pvt. Ltd. v. Union of India (2019) – The Supreme Court reaffirmed the constitutional validity of the IBC, reiterating its purpose of maximizing asset value and enabling timely resolution of corporate insolvencies.
Nyaya Astra's Role: We advise banks, NBFCs, and borrowers in recovery cases, SARFAESI, and IBC. We also counsel fintech startups and undertake financial regulatory compliance. Our appellate lawyers deal with significant finance matters in the Supreme Court.

13. Family and Personal Laws
The family law addresses matters such as marriage, divorce, maintenance, adoption, guardianship, and succession. It differs by religion, being administered through personal laws (e.g., Hindu Marriage Act, Muslim Personal Law) and secular legislation such as the Special Marriage Act and Domestic Violence Act. The family law strongly corresponds to cultural and societal norms.
Landmark Case: Shayara Bano v. Union of India (2017) – The Supreme Court held instant triple talaq unconstitutional, declaring it a milestone in the quest for gender justice and personal law reform.
Role of Nyaya Astra: We deal with family law disputes across jurisdictions such as custody wars, divorce petitions, maintenance cases, and inheritance disputes. We represent clients also in constitutional challenges under personal laws before the Supreme Court.

14. Human Rights Law
Human rights law safeguards the freedom, dignity, and equality of individuals. It includes economic, social, civil, and political rights and gains its power from conventions at the international level and from the Constitution. Areas of prominence include minority rights, right to education, protection against torture, and freedom of speech.
Landmark Case: People's Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL) v. Union of India (2003) – The Supreme Court ordered states to introduce mid-day meals in schools, underlining the right to food as a part of Article 21.
Nyaya Astra's Role: We advocate victims of state atrocities, custodial torture, and discrimination. Our lawyers represent people and provide legal aid in human rights matters, particularly where access to justice is restricted. We also conduct legal education and workshops on the protection of human rights.

15. Nyaya Astra Supreme Court Legal Services
The Supreme Court is the highest judicial authority in India, having original, appellate, and advisory jurisdiction. It entertains constitutional cases, civil and criminal appeals, election disputes, and special leave petitions (SLPs). The Supreme Court also has the vital function of interpreting laws and safeguarding fundamental rights.
Practice Areas of Special Importance:
Writ Petitions under Article 32
Special Leave Petitions (SLPs)
Review and Curative Petitions
PILs and Constitutional Challenges
Appeals in Criminal, Civil, and Commercial cases

Real-life Impact:
Successfully challenged a state order infringing on the right to free speech on the internet.
Won compensation for custodial violence victims.
Won a constitutional challenge against a discriminatory law against transgender individuals.
Indian law, rooted in the Constitution, spans diverse domains such as constitutional rights, criminal justice, civil and commercial litigation, family and matrimonial matters, cyber law, labor and employment, environmental protection, education rights, taxation, real estate, intellectual property, banking and insolvency, and public interest litigation (PIL). The Supreme Court and Delhi High Court play central roles in interpreting key articles like 14, 19, and 21, expanding protections under the right to life, liberty, and equality. Courts enforce procedural fairness, protect personal freedoms, and interpret statutory and administrative actions through landmark decisions such as Naz Foundation, Nirbhaya Case, Vodafone Taxation, and Christian Louboutin. With growing digitization, laws around data privacy and online speech are evolving, while commercial and corporate disputes are swiftly addressed under the Commercial Courts Act. Family law remains pluralistic, and courts ensure fairness across religious frameworks, while labor courts and high courts protect workers against unfair practices. Environmentally, Indian jurisprudence upholds the right to a clean and safe habitat as part of Article 21. PILs have democratized access to justice, allowing individuals to challenge civic inaction and raise collective concerns. At the Delhi High Court, Nyaya Astra provides strategic litigation and advocacy across all these domains filing writs, appeals, injunctions, and representing clients in regulatory, financial, and human rights matters ensuring expert legal support, rights enforcement, and public service through justice delivery.
Nyaya Astra's experienced Supreme Court lawyers commit to impactful litigation. We deal with writing SLPs, writ petitions, and appellate briefs with accuracy. Our litigators have obtained milestone judgments in every area of the law, making us a reliable entity for constitutional and appellate litigations. Nyaya Astra guarantees strategic representation at the Indian judiciary's apex level whether you're a person, business, NGO, or institution.

Call Nyaya Astra Now
If you are looking for representation in any of the aforementioned legal fields or need expertise at the Supreme Court of India, reach out to Nyaya Astra. Our professionals adhere to ensuring your rights, obtaining justice, and resolving legal complexities with integrity and excellence.

Why Choose Nyaya Astra?
✅ Pan-India Presence – Offices in Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Chennai, Hyderabad.
✅ Multidisciplinary Team – 50+ advocates, corporate lawyers, IP experts.
✅ Transparent Pricing – Fixed-fee models, no hidden costs.
✅ Tech-Driven Solutions – Seamlessly case monitoring.

Nyaya Astra is your go-to legal ally in India, providing comprehensive, strategic, and ethical legal solutions in all practice areas. Be it corporate advisory, litigation assistance, or regulatory compliance, our team guarantees maximum protection and winning results.

Reach Out To Us Today:
- Phone: +91 8863 988 131
- Email: contact@nyayaastra.in
- Website: www.nyayaastra.in

Justice is not only a right—it's our responsibility.

FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions:
What is a writ petition?
A legal document whereby citizens have the option of directly approaching the High Courts or Supreme Court to enforce their fundamental rights based on Articles 32 and 226 of the Constitution.

Can one directly approach the Supreme Court?
Yes, as per Article 32, any individual whose fundamental rights are being violated can directly approach the Supreme Court for relief.

What is anticipatory bail?
A judicial provision permitting an individual to apply for bail in advance of arrest for a non-bailable offense, as stated under Section 438 of the CrPC.

Does the Supreme Court grant bail?
Yes, particularly in intricate cases of constitutional rights, miscarriages of justice, or procedural errors in the lower courts. Relief can be availed of under Special Leave Petitions (SLPs).

In what ways does civil law differ from criminal law?
Civil law is all about conflicts between private parties and seeks to give relief or compensation, whereas criminal law is about crimes against society and seeks to punish offenders.

Can civil cases be heard at the Supreme Court?
Yes, particularly in cases involving important legal or constitutional issues, or where there are conflicting opinions between High Courts.

What are the usual grounds for divorce?
They are cruelty, adultery, desertion, conversion, mental disorder, incurable disease, and irretrievable breakdown of marriage.

Can family cases go to the Supreme Court?
Yes, especially in cases that raise intricate questions of law, inter-religious or non-Christian issues, or issues of constitutional rights.

What is the NCLT?
The National Company Law Tribunal decides company law matters, such as insolvency, shareholder conflicts, and corporate restructuring.

Are corporate law matters allowed to go up to the Supreme Court?
Yes, especially if constitutional issues, significant statutory interpretation, or high-value business concerns are at stake.

What are the remedies available for unfair dismissal?
The remedies include reinstatement, compensation, and payment of arrears of wages through labour courts or tribunals.

Can labor disputes go to the Supreme Court?
Yes, particularly if fundamental rights or constitutional issues are concerned.

Is online threatening or abusive messaging a crime?
Yes, it can invite charges under cyberbullying laws and the IT Act.

Can cybercrime cases go up to the Supreme Court?
Yes, especially when there is infringement of rights under Article 19 or Article 21, or where there is a challenge to the constitutionality of laws.

What is the National Green Tribunal (NGT)?
A specialized tribunal for speedy disposal of environmental cases.

Can environmental matters be adjudicated by the Supreme Court?
Yes, particularly in cases involving constitutional or inter-state environmental concerns.

Is it possible to litigate tax disputes in the Supreme Court?
Yes, particularly on weighty questions of law or interpretation of the Constitution.

What is tax litigation?
It includes assessment appeals, penalty disputes, and constitutional challenges to tax statutes.

What is the way to protect intellectual property?
By the registration of patents, trademarks, copyrights, and design rights with respective statutory authorities.

Do IPR disputes come up to the Supreme Court?
Yes, particularly when the questions involved are of large legal importance or constitutional interpretation.

Is arbitration binding?
Yes, arbitral awards are legally binding and enforceable by courts.

Are Supreme Court challenges possible on ADR outcomes?
Yes, particularly when they involve questions of public policy, jurisdiction, or fundamental rights. Can defaulters in loans be prosecuted? Yes, financial institutions tend to initiate recovery under SARFAESI or IBC processes.

Can financial cases be appealed in the Supreme Court?
Yes, particularly when there are constitutional issues or significant legal interpretations at stake.

Do personal law cases come to the Supreme Court?
Yes, particularly in cases involving fundamental rights or constitutional interpretation.

Is mutual divorce quicker than a contested one?
Yes, mutual divorce is faster if both agree on custody, alimony, and settlement of property

Are human rights violations legally enforceable in the Supreme Court?
Yes, frequently in the form of PILs or writ petitions under Articles 32 or 226.

Do NGOs possess standing in human rights matters?
Yes, NGOs and social activists are permitted to file PILs on behalf of concerned citizens.

Do I need special leave to file in the Supreme Court?
Yes, all appeals need a Special Leave Petition (SLP) under Article 136. Can we go with live law or lloyd law college to read about sedition law, martial law. Is it like science where we study ohm's law, newton's second law, newton's first law, murphy's law, kirchhoff's law, first law of thermodynamics, coulomb's law, faraday's law, jude law, hooke's law, second, law of thermodynamics, law of attraction, newton's third law, gauss law, raoult's law, law of demand, snell's law, law of segregation, anti defection law, law of independent assortment, ohms law, boyle's law, lenz law, rule of law, ampere circuital law, what is ohm's law, law of variable proportion, sister in law, newton's second law of motion, biot savart law, newton's first law of motion, law of dominance, second law of motion, kepler's law, newton's law, beer lambert law, law of diminishing marginal utility, newton's law of motion, pascal law, kohlrausch law, charles law, law of conservation of mass

Can I directly file a PIL in the Supreme Court if she was killed on the birthday wishes for sister in law?
Yes, under Article 32, if your fundamental rights are involved.

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